Overview
Molecular Mechanics of Fundamental Biological Processes
Fundamental biological processes require the concurrent occupation of DNA by numerous motor proteins and complexes. Thus, collisions, congestion, and roadblocks are inescapable on these busy ‘molecular highways’. The consequences of these traffic problems are diverse, requiring complex molecular mechanisms to resolve threats to genome stability and ensure cellular viability. Additionally, the molecular highways are continually and dynamically restructured during these processes, altering highway topology and traffic flow.
My laboratory focuses on the motion, dynamics and mechanics of DNA roadblocks, how DNA motor proteins collide and navigate through roadblocks, and DNA topology during transcription and replication. These highly complex problems require the development of real‐time techniques to decipher the actions of multiple players, while also simultaneously allowing the ability to mechanically control, alter, and measure DNA topology. To work with biological motors and DNA at the single molecule level, we develop and utilize state-of-the-art (and often one-of-a-kind) instruments spanning optical trapping, magnetic tweezers, and nanophotonics. These allow us to directly measure molecular extensions, forces, and torques on the scales of nanometers, piconewtons, and piconewton×nanometers. We also combine our novel measurements with statistical mechanical models to better elucidate the mechanisms of these molecular machines.
Our precision measurements and models have enabled novel insights into the complex coordination of cellular machineries and the fundamental role of DNA mechanics and topology – including measurements of RNA polymerase torque generation capacity, mechanistic insights into lesion bypass during replication and subsequent re-initiation, and the intricate coordination mechanisms between RNA polymerase and the replisome or motor proteins.
Awards and Honors
- 1999-2000 Damon Runyon Scholar Award.
- 1999 Dale F. and Betty Ann Frey Scholar of Damon Runyon-Walter Winchell Foundation.
- 1999-2001 Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellow.
- 1999-2002 Beckman Young Investigator Award.
- 2000-2007 Keck Foundation Distinguished Young Scholar in Medical Research Award.
- 2008-present Howard Hughes Medical Institute Investigator.
- 2008 Provost's Award for Distinguished Scholarship.
- 2009 Fellow of the American Physical Society.
- 2023 Member of the National Academy of Sciences.
Professional Experience
- 1998-2004, Assistant Professor of Physics, Cornell University.
- 2004-2009, Associate Professor of Physics, Cornell University.
- 2009-present, Professor of Physics, Cornell University.
- 2019-present, J.G. White Distinguished Professor in the Physical Sciences, Cornell University
Publications
T.T. Le, X. Gao, S. Park, J. Lee, J. T. Inman, J.H. Lee, J.L. Killian, R.P. Badman, J.M. Berger, and M.D. Wang. “Synergistic Coordination of Chromatin Torsional Mechanics and Topoisomerase Activity.” Cell 179: 619–631 (2019).
T.T. Le, Y. Yang, C. Tan, M.M. Suhanovsky, R.M. Fulbright, Jr., J.T. Inman, M. Li, J. Lee, S. Perelman, J.W. Roberts, A.M. Deaconescu, and M.D. Wang. “Mfd dynamically regulates transcription via a release and catch-up mechanism.” Cell 172, 344-357 e315 (2018).
M. Soltani, J. Lin, R.A. Forties, J.T. Inman, S.N. Saraf, R.M. Fulbright, M. Lipson, and M.D. Wang. “Nanophotonic trapping for precise manipulation of biomolecular Arrays.” Nature Nanotechnology 9:448-52 (2014).
J. Ma, L. Bai, and M.D. Wang. “Transcription under torsion.” Science 340:1580-3 (2013).
B. Sun, D.S. Johnson, G. Patel, B.Y. Smith, M. Pandey, S.S. Patel, and M.D. Wang. “ATP-induced helicase slippage reveals highly coordinated subunits.” Nature 478:132 -5 (2011).
D.S. Johnson, L. Bai, B.Y. Smith, S.S. Patel, and M.D. Wang. “Single molecule studies reveal dynamics of DNA unwinding by the ring-shaped T7 helicase.” Cell 129:1299-309 (2007).
C. Deufel, S. Forth, C.R. Simmons, S. Dejgosha, and M.D. Wang. “Nanofabricated quartz cylinders for angular optical trapping: torque detection during DNA supercoiling.” Nature Methods 4:223-5 (2007).
In the news
- Physicist Michelle Wang named Biophysical Society Fellow
- Physics professor elected to National Academy of Sciences
- Tweezers untangle chemotherapeutic’s impact on DNA
- CRISPR insight: How to fine-tune the Cas protein’s grip on DNA
- ‘Lab on a chip’ can measure protein-DNA interactions
- Forces That Drive the DNA Highway
- New technique illuminates DNA helix
- Nobel-winning physicist Arthur Ashkin, Ph.D. ’52, dies at 98
- 30 Arts & Sciences faculty honored with endowed professorships
- Scientists unwind mystery behind DNA replication
- Newly developed techniques shed light on key protein’s regulatory ability